Àgbéyẹ̀wò Iṣẹ́ Oyèláràn (1987) lórí Mofọ́lọ́jì Yorùbá

 

Àgbéyẹ̀wò Iṣẹ́ Oyèláràn (1987) lórí Mofọ́lọ́jì Yorùbá


Credit: Prof L. O. Adewole
Yoruba for academic purpose



Iṣẹ́ Oyèláràn (1987) lórí mọfọ́lọ́jì ṣàlàyé àwọn wúnrẹ̀n kan tí a ń lò nínú ìṣẹ̀dá-ọ̀rọ̀ àti ọ̀nà tí a gbà lò wọn[1].

        Oyèláràn (1987) gbà pé ti nínú ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá bíi tèmi, tìrẹ, abbl. kìí ṣe atọ́ka ẹ̀yán oníbàátan (gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkíyèsí Crowther (1852), Bámgbóṣé (1966; 1967) àti Owólabí (1976)), kì í sì ṣe ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ (gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkíyèsí Awóbùlúyì (1978a)) ṣùgbọ́n mọ́fíìmù àfòmọ́ (àfòmọ́-ìṣẹ̀dá) ni. Ó fi wúnrẹ̀n yìí wé “oní” nípa ìlò rẹ̀ fún ìṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀ àti ìlò àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá tí a fi “oní” ṣẹ̀dá nínú gbólóhùn. Ó rí i pé wọ́n jọra. Èyí ni ó fi sọ pé ìsọ̀rí kan náà ni “oní” àti “ti” gbọ́dọ̀ wà. Ìsọ̀rí ọ̀hún sì ni ti àfòmọ́-ìṣẹ̀dá.

        Iṣẹ́ Oyèláràn (1987) ṣàlàyé lórí “mo”, “o”, “ó”, “a”, “ẹ” àti “wọn”. Ó pè wọ́n ní mọ́fíìmù àfòmọ́ tí wọ́n sì jẹ́ ọ̀rọ̀-gírámà[2]. Ó ní wọn kìí ṣe àgékù-arọ́pò-orúkọ, arọ́pò-orúkọ tàbí ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ bí Awóbùlyì (1978a àti 2008) ṣe pè wọn. Awóbùlyì (1978a) fi abùdá pé wọ́n ní àdàpè tó ń fi ìlò lábẹ́ ẹ̀yán hàn nínú gbólóhùn àti pé wọ́n ń tọ́ka sí iye àti ẹni tí ọ̀rọ̀ bá kàn nínú gbólóhùn yà wọ́n sọ́tọ̀ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ. Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn àbùdá wọ̀nyí, àwọn àbùdá mìíràn tí Oyèláràn (1987)  ṣàkíyèsí pé ó sún wọn jìnà sí àwọn orúkọ tí wọ́n pè wọ́n, tí ó sì sún wọn mọ́ mọ́fíìmù àfòmọ́ ni pé a kìí ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ mìíràn lára wọn, a ò lè fi wọ́n ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ mìíràn, wọ́n níye, wọn kò ṣeé yán àti pé a ò lè fi wọ́n yán ọ̀rọ̀ mìíràn láìda wọ́n pè. Oyèláràn (1987) ní tí a bá fojú fọnọ́lọ́jì wo ìlò wọn, òté hámónì fáwẹ̀lì tó de ìlò àwọn mọ́fíìmù náà ló de ìlo wọn nínù ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀ka-èdè Yorùbá.

        Lórí “bí”, Oyèláràn (1987) gbà á ní ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Bámgbóṣé (1966:101) àti Awóbùlúyì (1978a). Ó sì gbà pé ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ ni “bá”, ó sì jẹ́ àdàpè fún “bí”.

        Oyèláràn (1987) ṣàlàyé ìṣẹ̀dá-ọ̀rọ̀ tó jẹ mọ́ ẹ̀yánrọ̀. Ọ̀nà ìṣẹ̀dá kan tí àwọn onímọ̀ Yorùbá kò kíyè sí gẹ́gẹ́ bí àlàyé Oyèláràn (1987) ni ṣíṣẹ̀dá ẹ̀yánrọ̀ láti ara ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ. Èyí máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá pa fáwẹ̀lì tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ jẹ, f.a.

25.    Ogbèyẹ̀kú (ogbè-(ọ)yẹkú); ọmọ kan (ọmọ-(ọ)kan); ojúbọ (ojú-(ì)bọ); ẹ̀kọ (ẹkọ-(e)be); ẹyindìẹ (ẹyin-(a)diẹ); akọ (akọ-aja); ogó (ogun-èjì)

Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí a pa fáwẹ̀lì àkọ́kọ́ wọn jẹ ní (25) ni ẹ̀yánrọ̀. Bákan náà, ó fi òpinyà tí Rowlands (1954:377) ṣe lààrín oríṣìí ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ méjì[3] ṣàlàyé bì a ṣe ń ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ láti ara ẹ̀yánrọ̀, f.a.

        26a.  Ilé kékeré

                Ilé méjì

                Ọkọ pupa

        26b.  Ilée kékeré

                Ilée méjì

                Ọkọọ pupa

Ohun tí àlàyé onímọ̀ yìí ń sọ ni pé ẹ̀yánrọ̀ kìí ní fáwẹ̀lì ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ (kékeré, méjì àti pupa ni 26(a)), a sì lè sọ wọ́n di ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ[4] (kékeré, méjì àti pupa ni 26(b)). Ìtumọ̀ àti ìhun (26a) àti (26b) yàtọ̀ nítorí àwọn ìsọ̀rí àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ inú wọn. Oyèláràn ṣàlàyé pé irú àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá (25) ni Rowlands

 

(1954: 378) pè ní “closed compound” nígbà tí àwọn bíi aráalé (ará ilé), agboolé (agbo ilé) jẹ́ “open compound”. Méjì nínú ilé méjì ni (26a) jẹ́ ẹ̀yánrúkọ tí a ṣẹ̀dá láti ara àfòmọ́ {m–} pẹ̀lú “èjì”. Oyèláràn ṣàlàyé pàtàkì kan lórí àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá. Èyí ni lílo àmì àti àìlo-àmì. Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ alámì ni àwọn tí a ṣẹ̀dá nípa mọ́fíìmù àfòmọ́ nígbà tí àwọn aláìlámì (ọ̀bọ̀rọ́) jẹ́ àwọn tí a ṣẹ̀dá láìlo-àmì fún ìṣẹ̀dá wọn gẹ́gẹ̀ bí a ṣe ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ láti ara ẹ̀yánrúkọ (wo 26a àti 26b).

        Mọfọ́lọ́jì ni iṣẹ́ Oyèláràn (1987) yìí jẹ mọ́ ṣùgbọ̀n kò ṣe àmúlò tíọ́rì kan pàtó fún ìlànà ìṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀. Ìpínsísọ̀rí àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá nípa lílo àmì àti àìlo àmì yòó wúlò nínú iṣẹ́ wa, ṣùgbọ́n iṣẹ́ wa yóò tún ṣàlàyé ewo lórí nínú àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ aṣẹ̀dá tí a lò àmì tàbí àwọn tí a kò lò ó fún. Nínú àwọn onímọ̀ tó gba “oní” gẹ́gẹ́ bíi mọ́fíìmù kan ni Oyèláràn (1987) wà.

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[1] Raji Lateef Olatunji ló kọ iṣẹ́ yìí.
[2] Ọ̀rọ̀ tí kò ní ìtumọ̀ àfinúrò kan tàbí tí a lè tọ́ka sí ju iṣẹ́ wọn nínú gbólóhùn lọ
[3] Ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ àdádúró (independent words) àti ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ afarahẹ́ (dependent words) ni Rowlands pè wọ́n. Àwọn wọ̀nyí ni Oyèláràn pè ní ẹ̀yánrọ̀(ìyẹ àwọn dependent words).
[4] Ìlànà aláìlámì ni Oyèláràn gbà pé a fi n sọ wọn di ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ

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