Àgbéyẹ̀wò Iṣẹ́ Owólabí (1984, 1985, 1995) lórí Mofọ́lọ́jì

 

Àgbéyẹ̀wò Iṣẹ́ Owólabí (1984, 1985, 1995) lórí Mofọ́lọ́jì

Credit: Prof L. O. Adewole

Yoruba for academic purpose

Iṣẹ́ Owólabí (1984) ṣàlàyé ọ̀nà tí Yorùbá ń gbà ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀ tuntun láti ara àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àti atọ́ka àfikún. Ó pín àwọn àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ sí oríṣìí méjì. Àwọn tí wọ́n lè bá ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe tàbí àpólà ìṣe rìn àti àwọn tí wọ́n ń bá ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ tàbí àpólà orúkọ rìn. Àwọn tí a lè so mọ́ àpólà ìṣe láti ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀ tuntun ní èyíkéyìí fáwẹ̀lì àìránmúpè^[1] tí ó ní yálà àmì ohùn ìsàlẹ̀ tàbí ti àárín, bí àpẹẹrẹ {ẹẹ-}, {àì-},    {òǹ̀-}, {àti-}, {olù}.

 

Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, àwọn atọ́ka àfikún tí Owólabí (1984) ṣàlàyé pé a fi ń ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀ ni: kí, pé, bí àti tí. Gbólóhùn ní a máa ń so wọ́n mọ́, f.a.

        i.      Ṣadé ga (GB) → Pé Ṣadé ga (OR) [Pé Ṣadé ga dára]

        ii.     Olú ní owó (GB) → kí Olú ní owó (OR) [Mo fẹ́ kí Olú ní                                                                 owó]

  iii.    Bọ́lá ṣe oríire (GB) → ti Bọ́lá ṣe oríire (OR) [Ó dára ti Bọ́lá                                                      ṣe oríire]

Iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ yìí ṣe àfihàn ìtumọ̀ àwọn àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ wọ̀nyí. Bákan náà, ó tún pín àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá sí ìsọ̀rí ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ àfòyemọ̀, àrídìmú, èlò, òǹ̀kà, abbl.

        Owólabí (1985) ṣàlàyé lórí àpètúnpè gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ète fún ìṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ inú èdè Yorùbá. Oríṣìí ìlànà àpètúnpè méjì ló mẹ́nu bà. Àwọn ni àpètúnpè ẹlẹ́bẹ àti àpètúnpè kíkún. A lè ṣe àpètúnpè ẹlẹ́bẹ síwájú (ilé ńlá → ilé ńlá ńlá^[2]) tàbí sẹ̀yìn (lọ → lílọ^[3]). Àpètúnpè kíkún lè jẹ́ èyí tí a ṣe sí:

        i.      àpólà ìṣe, f.a.

        (a)    ja ogun → jagun → jagunjagun^[4]

ii.     àpólà orúkọ, kí a to wá fi ẹ̀rún tàbí mọ́fíìmù kan bọ àárín àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ méjèèjì tí àpètúnpè ti bá, f.a.

(b)    i.      {-kí-}; bàtàkíbàtà, ilékílé, ayakáya, adékádé, ọ̀rọ̀kọrọ̀

        ii.     {-kú-}; ìsọkúsọ

i.                   {-dé-}; kòtòdékòtò, ẹ̀yàdẹ́yà, okodóko

ii.                 {-ní-}; ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀, ògbólògbó, àgbàlagbà

iii.              {-bí-}; iyebíye, àràbarà, owóbówó

iv.              {-mọ́-}; bàtàmọ́bàtà, owómówó, ọlámọ́lá

v.                 {-oní-}; kọkọrọ-oníkọ́kọ́rọ́, ilé-onílé, aṣọ-aláṣọ, ẹmu-ẹlẹ́mu, abbl.

iii.    àpólà orúkọ láìfi ẹ̀rún, tàbí mọ́fíìmù kan bọ̀ ọ́   láàárín.    Ìsọ̀rí                 méjì ni àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá báyìí ní. Oríṣìí àpẹẹrẹ méjì tó wà  lábẹ́                ìsọ̀rí àkọ́kọ́.

(a)    Ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ onísílébù méjì tí àpètúnpè bá a: fáwẹ́lì tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ kejì àti ohùn rẹ̀ gbọ́dọ̀ ràn mọ́ fáwẹ̀lì tó gbẹ̀yìn ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ kìn-ín-ní; àti ohùn rẹ̀, b.a (ọdún → ọdún ọdún → ọdọọdún).

(b)        Ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ tí àpètúnpè bá ju sílébù méjì lọ: a óò dín ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ àkọ́kọ́ kù sí sílébù méjì, lẹ́yìn náà fáwẹ̀lì tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ kejì àti ohùn rẹ̀ yóò ràn mọ́ fáwẹ̀lì tó gbẹ̀yìn ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ kìn-ín-ní (tí ìdínkù bá) àti ohùn rẹ̀ nínú àpètúnpè, b.a.

                (ojúmọ́ → ojúmọ́ ojúmọ́ → ojú ojúmọ́ → ojoojúmọ́)

Ìsọ̀rí kejì àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ tí Owólabí ní a fi ète àpètúnpè ṣẹ̀dá wọn láìfi mọ́fíìmù tàbí ẹ̀rún kan bọ̀ wọ́n láàárín ni:

a.     kọ́bọ̀-kọ́bọ̀ (→kọ́bọ̀), mélòó-mélòó (→mélòó)

Bákan náà, Owólabí (1985) ṣàlàyé pé a le ṣe àpètúnpè sí ọ̀rọ̀-asopọ̀ fún ìṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àpẹẹrẹ, f.a.

b.     ṣùgbọ́n → ṣùgbọ́n-ṣùgbọ́n

                tàbí → tàbí-tàbí, abbl.

Owólabí (1995) ṣàlàyé àwọn àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ fún ìṣẹ̀dá-ọ̀rọ̀ àti ìpín-sí-ìsọ̀rí wọn. Owólabí (1995) fi kún àwọn àfọ̀mọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ti (1984). Àwọn tó fi kún wọn ni {ù-}^[5], {oń-}, àti {oní-}. Owólabí pín àwọn àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ yí sí ìsọ̀rí méjì. Bí a bá wo àlàyé Owólabí (1995), ò jọ pé ó gbà wí pé {ẹẹ-} àti {olù-} kìí ṣe àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀ẹ̀rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ṣe fi hàn ni (1984).

 

Ó ṣàlàyé pé àwọn tó wà ní kan máa ń bá ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe, àpólà ìṣe àti ídíófóònù ajẹmọ́-àpèjúwe rìn. Àwọn kan^[6] máa ń bá ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ àti àpólà orúkọ rìn nígbà tí àwọn mìíràn lè bá ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ tàbí àpólà orúkọ rìn.

       

b      alágbára (¬ oní-agbára)

                olòṣì (¬ oni-òṣì)

Nínú ‘àlọ’, lọ ni IṢ tí {à-} bá rìn láti ṣẹ̀dá àlọ, APIṢ ṣe iṣẹ́ àti {ò-} ni a fi ṣẹ̀dá òṣìṣẹ́ nígbà tí a ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀pẹ́lẹ́ńgẹ́ láti ara ídíófóònù ajẹmọ́-àpèjúwe pẹ́lẹ́ńgẹ́ àti {ọ̀-}. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àlàyé Owólabí pé a lè so àwọn àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan  mọ́ ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ tàbí àpólà orúkọ láti ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀ tuntun, àpẹẹrẹ irú ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá bẹ́ẹ̀ ni àkíké → àáké.

        Owólabí (1995) fi àwòrán-atọ́ka igi ṣàlàyé àìlerìnpọ̀ àwọn àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan àti ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ/àpólà orúkọ, ó sì tún ṣàlàyé àìlèrìnpọ̀ àwọn ti àwọn mìíràn àti ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe, àpólà-ìṣe tàbí ídíófóònù ajẹmọ́-àpèjúwe. Bákan náà, ó ní àwọn kan máa ń yí ìsọ̀rí ọ̀rọ̀ padà nígbà tí àwọn ti mìíràn kìí ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀. Àwọn tí kan lè bá ara rìn.

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[1] Yàtọ̀ sí {u-}

[2] Ńlá la ṣe àpètúnpè rẹ̀ síwájú

[3] Kọ́ńsónáǹ̀tì àkọ́kọ́ ni a ṣe àpètúnpè, kí a tó fi fáwẹ̀lì “í” olóhùn òkè kún un

[4] Àkíyèsí ni pé kìí ṣe àpètúnpè nìkan ló sọ́ jagunjagun di ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá tuntun, mọ́fíìmù òfo (ṣero morpheme) náà ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú irù ọ̀rọ̀ aṣẹ̀dá báyìí.

[5] Ìjẹyọ {ù-} jẹ mọ́ àwọn ẹ̀ka-èdè Yorùbá kan ṣùgbọ́n wọn máa ń jẹ yọ nínú ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ aṣẹ̀dá nínú olórí ẹ̀ka-èdè Yorùbá gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀. Èyí ni yóò jẹ́ kí á gba àbá Bámgbóṣe (1986:28) pé ó yẹ ká gbà á ní àfòmọ́ fún ìṣẹ̀dá-ọ̀rọ̀ nínú olórí ẹ̀ka-èdè Yorùbá.

[6] à-, è-, ò-