Àgbéyẹ̀wò Iṣẹ́ Crowther (1852) lórí Mofọ́lọ́jì
Àgbéyẹ̀wò Iṣẹ́ Crowther (1852) lórí Mofọ́lọ́jì
Crowther (1852)
ṣe òpínyà láàárín oríṣìí ọ̀rọ̀ Yorùbá méjì. Àkọ́kọ́ ni àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-àìṣẹ̀dá
nígbà tí àwọn kejì jẹ́ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá[1].
Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-aìṣẹ̀dá ni àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí a kò ṣẹ̀dá wọn bíi omi, ina, iggi,[2] enia. Ó ní a ṣẹ̀dá
àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá láti ara ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe àti ọ̀rọ̀-àpèjúwe ajẹmọ́-ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe[3]. Àpẹẹrẹ àwọn
ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá rẹ̀ ni: adé (a- dé), ẹ̀bùn (ẹ̀- bùn), ìbí[4]
(ì- bí), pẹjapẹja, gbẹ́nagbẹ́nà, wọnṣọwọnṣọ[5].
Iṣẹ́
Crowther (1852) yìí ṣàlàyé oríṣìí ìlànà ìṣẹ̀dá-ọ̀rọ̀ méjì. Àwọn ni lílo
àfòmọ́ ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àti ṣíṣe àpètúnpè. Crowther ṣàfihàn oríṣìí àwọn
àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àti bí a ṣe ń lò wọ́n láti ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀. Àpẹẹrẹ àwọn
àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àti ohun tí ó pè ní “ẹerbal
adjectiẹe”, bí Crowther (1852) ṣe ṣàfihàn wọn hàn ní (1)
1.
i. {a-}
: apẹja (a-, pẹja)
àbò
(a-, bò)
alágbẹ̀ddẹ
(a-, lágbẹ̀ddẹ[6])
ii.
{àti-}
: àtilọ (àti-, lọ)
àtibọ̀
(àti-, bọ̀)
àtiṣe
(àti-, ṣe)
iii.
{e-/ẹ-}
: elégbè (e-, legbe)[7]
ẹlẹ́sẹ̀
(ẹ-, lẹ́sẹ̀)
iv.
{i-}
: ìfọ̀ (ì-, fọ̀)
ìṣe (ì-,
ṣe)
ìkiri (ì-,
kiri)
ìgbóná
(ì-, gbóná)
ìlọ́ra
(ì-, lọ́ra)
v.
{o-/ọ-}[8] : olówó (o-, lówó)
Ọlọ́run
(Ọ-, lọ́run)
vi.
{o-}[9]: oníbodè (o-, níbodè)
onígbàjámọ̀
(o-, nígbàjámọ̀)
onídajọ
(o-, nídajọ)[10]
Crowther (1852) fi àwọn àpẹẹrẹ wọ̀nyìí ṣàlàyé ìlànà àpètúnpè.
2.
i. pẹja → pẹjapẹja
ṣíṣẹ →
ṣiṣẹ́ṣiṣẹ́
le →
ilé → líle
gbóná → ìgbóná/ùgbóná → gbígbóná/gbúgbóná
Crowther (1852) gbà pé a lè lo àwọn tó
wà ní 2(ii) gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ tàbí ọ̀rọ̀-àpèjúwe. Ìlò ni yóò sọ ìsọ̀rí
wọn. Iṣẹ́ onímọ̀ yìí ṣàfihàn àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan – {a-} gẹ́gẹ́ bíi àfòmọ́
ìyísódì. Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá ni a máa ń so wọ́n mọ́ láti ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀ tuntun. Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tó wà ní (3) ló fi àlàyé yìí
hàn.
3.
i. àìgbọ́ (à-, ìgbọ́)
àìgbọràn
(à-, ìgbọràn)
àìfẹ́ (à-,
ìfẹ́)
àìtọ́ (à-,
ìtọ́)
àìtó (à-,
ìtó)
Iṣẹ́ Crowther (1852) jẹ́ ká mọ̀ pé àǹ̀fààní wà láti ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀ láti ara ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe nítorí
pé a lè ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀ tó pọ̀ lára ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe kan. Bí a ba mú ṣẹ̀ (IṢ), a lè ṣẹ̀dá ẹ̀ṣẹ̀, ẹlẹ́ṣẹ̀,
ìlẹ́ṣẹ̀, àìlẹ́ṣẹ̀, aláìlẹ́ṣẹ̀, ìṣẹ̀, àìṣẹ, aláìṣẹ̀.
Bí a bá wo iṣẹ́ Crowther (1852) yìí dáadáa, a óò rí i pé a lè tọpa àwọn àlàyé kan tí àwọn
onímọ̀ èdè Yorùbá tó tẹ̀ lé e
ṣe lórí mọfọ́lọ́jì èdè náà ṣùgbọ́n àwọn wúnrẹ̀n tó pè ní ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe ajẹmọ́-àpèjúwe (ẹerbal
adjectiẹe - pẹja → pẹjapẹja, gbẹ́nà → gbẹ́nàgbẹ́nà)[12] jẹ́ àpólà ìṣe. Bákan náà, ojú lẹ́tà ni Crowther (1952) fi wo ìró /l/ àti /n/ nínú àwọn òṛọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá
tó wà ní 1(iii), (ẹ) àti (ẹi) [elégbè/ẹlẹ́sẹ̀, olówó/ọlọ́run àti oníbodè)[13]. Èyí ló jẹ́ kí Crowther (1852) gbà pé ọ̀rọ̀ tí a so
àfòmọ́ mọ́ ni légbè/lẹ́sẹ̀, lówó/lọ́run àti níbodè nígbà tí ó jẹ́ pé àpólà ni wọ́n. Crowther (1852) kò
ṣàlàyé lórí bí mọ́fíìmù {ì-} olóhùn ìṣàlẹ̀ nínú àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá tó wà ní
2(ii) [ga → ìgá → gíga] ṣe di {í-} olóhùn òkè nígbà tì a ṣe
àpètúnpè kọ́ńsónáńtì àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe. Yàtọ̀ sí èyí, ìlànà-ìṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀
méjì ni iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ mójú tó nígbà tí àwọn ìlànà ìṣẹ̀dá-ọ̀rọ̀ ju báyìí lọ àti
pé àlàyé lórí àwọn àfòmọ́ èdè Yorùbá ju ìwọ̀nba tí Crowther (1852) menu bà
lọ. Iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ kò ṣàmúlò tíọ́rì kan pàtó fún àwọn àlàyé rẹ. Crowther (1852) gbà
pé lára àfòmọ́ {à-} àti
ọ̀rọ̀-iṣe bò ni a ti ṣẹ̀dá àbò[14].
Àlàyé yìí kù díẹ̀ káà tó.
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[2]
A lo àpẹẹrẹ yìí báyìí àti àwọn mìíràn láti ṣàfihàn bíi Crowther ṣe kọ wọ́n
[8] Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ wọn jẹ́
“l”,
tí o tàbí ọ tẹ̀ lé ni Crowther ni à ń lo àwọn àfòmọ́ yìí mọ́ wọn
[9] Àwọn
ọ̀rọ̀ tí “n” bẹ̀rẹ̀ wọn tí “i” sì tẹ̀lé “n” ni Crowther ni à ń sọ {o-} yìí
mọ́ láti ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀.
[10] Ìtumọ̀ kan náà ni “ní” inú “nídajọ” (to haẹe judgement) yóò fún wa pẹ̀lú “ni” inú
“lágbẹ̀dẹ”, èyí fi hàn pé a lè pín nídajọ (ní, ìdájọ́)
[11] Crowther (1852)
gbà pé a ṣẹ̀dá
“gíga” látara ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá “ìga” kí a tó wá ṣe àpètúnpè kọ́ńsónáǹ̀tì “g” àkọ́kọ́
ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe
[13] wo ìtọ́sẹ̀ (20),
(21) àti (22) fún àlàyé tí Crowther (1852) ṣe lórí irú àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá báyìí.
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