Àgbéyẹ̀wò Iṣẹ́ Bámgbóṣé (1967) àti (1990) lórí Mofọ́lọ́jì

 

Àgbéyẹ̀wò Iṣẹ́ Bámgbóṣé (1967) àti (1990) lórí Mofọ́lọ́jì

Lábẹ́ orí tí Bámgbóṣé (1967) ti ṣàlàyé àpólà orúkọ ló ti ya oríṣìí àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ méjì sọ́tọ̀[1]. Àkọ́kọ́ ni àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ tó lè dá dúró^[2] bíi ọmọ, ìlú, ọ̀rọ̀, Olú, abbl. Oríṣìí ọ̀rọ̀ kejì ni àwọn tó pè ní ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ ti a ṣẹ̀dá nípa lílo àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àti ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe tàbí kíkàn ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe pọ̀ mọ́ ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ (ẹerb-nominal compound) àti lílo àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ mọ́ ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ tàbí ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ àti ẹ̀yán rẹ̀. Ìlànà àpètúnpè ni ìlànà mìíràn tó ṣàlàyé. Àwọn àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ tí à ń ta mọ́ ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe tàbí ìkànpọ̀ ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe àti ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ ni {à-}, {a-}, {ì-}, {àì-}, {àti-} gẹ́gẹ́ bí wọ́n ṣe hàn nínú àlọ (à-, lọ), akọrin (a-, kọ orin), ìdáwó (ì-, da, owó), àìlówó (àì-, lówó), àtiṣiṣẹ́ (àti-, ṣiṣẹ́). Àfòmọ́ tí Bámgbóṣé (1967) ní a máa ń kàn mọ́ ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ ni {oní-}^[3]. Èyí hàn nínú olówó (oní-, owó), aláṣọ (oní-, aṣọ), ẹlẹ́ja (oní-, ẹja), ọlọ́mọ (oní-, ọmọ), onílé (oní-, ilé). Bámgbóṣé (1967) gbà pé a lè ṣe àpètúnpè sí kọ́ńsónáǹ̀tì àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe, kí á wá kàn án mọ ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá, lẹ́yìn tí a ti fi fáwẹ́lì /i/ olóhùn òkè ya kọ́ńsónáǹ̀tì méjì tó tẹ̀ lé ara wọn sọ́tọ̀, f.a. lọ → lílọ (l + í + lọ), ṣe → ṣíṣe (ṣ + í + ṣe), kọrin → kíkọrin (k + í + kọ + orin). Bámgbóṣé (1967) ní a lè ṣe àpètúnpè sí ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe àti àbọ rẹ̀, f.a. [wolé (wo + ilé) → woléwolé]; [pana (pa + iná) → panápaná]. Ẹ̀yà àpètúnpè kan ni iṣẹ́kíṣẹ́ [iṣẹ́ (OR) + kí + iṣẹ́ (OR)] àti ẹnikẹ́ni [ẹni OR) + kí + ẹni (ỌR)]. Bákan náà, ó ní a máa ń ṣe àpètúnpè sí ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ, b.a. ọdún → ọdọọdún^[4]; ọ̀sẹ̀ → ọ̀sọ̀ọ̀sẹ̀.

        Bámgbóṣé (1990) ṣe àfikún sí àlàyé lórí ọ̀nà tí à ń gbà ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ. Nínú iṣẹ́ yìí, ó ṣàfihàn àwọn àfòmọ́^[5] mìíràn. Àwọn ni {òǹ̀-}, {oni-}, {àbí-} àti {-kí-}, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ṣe hàn nínú òǹ̀tẹ̀wé (òǹ̀-, tẹ̀wé), ẹlẹ̀gàn (oni-, ẹ̀gàn) àti aboyún (abi-, oyún).

        Bámgbóṣé(1990) ṣe àfihàn oríṣìí {àti-}^[6] méjì gẹ́gẹ́ bí wọ́n ṣe jẹ yọ nínú àtòkè (àti-, òkè), àtilọ (àti-, lọ). Bámgbóṣe (1990) ṣe àfihàn lílo àfòmọ́ méjì àti ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe méjì láti ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ. Ọ̀kan nínú àfòmọ́ yìí yóò jẹ́ ti ìyísódì (jẹ; jẹ tán → àjẹàìjẹtán → ajẹìjẹtán → àjẹẹjẹtán)^[7]. Bákan náà, iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣàlàyé ìsọdorúkọ tó máa ń wáyé láti ara gbólóhùn àti àwọn wúnrẹ̀n kan bíi Pé, Kí, abbl., (wọ́n lọ → pé wọ́n lọ). Ó ṣàlàyé ìṣẹ̀dá àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi àádùn^[8] ni abẹ́ àpètúnpè. Ó tún ṣàlàyé pé ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe/àpólà ìṣe kan le gbà àfòmọ́ ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ tí wọ́n á sì fún wa ní ìtumọ̀ kan náà, f.a. ìmọ̀ràn/àmọ̀ràn.

        Bí ó ti lẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àlàyé Bámgbóṣé (1990) ju ti Crowther (1852) lọ lórí àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá tí a sì tún rí ẹ̀rí lórí àfikún àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá àti awọn afòmọ́ (yálà ti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àti àwọn tó pè ní àfòmọ́-àárín – ki, ni, abbl.), iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ kò lo tíọ́rì kan láti ṣe àtúpalẹ̀ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀-aṣẹ̀dá. Bákan náà, iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára iṣẹ́ tí ó jẹ́ kí àkíyèsí àti àlàyé àwọn onímọ̀ èdè Yorùbá pé méjì lórí àwọn mọ́fíìmù bíi {oní-}/{oni-}, {àì-}. Ewú kan tí àtúnpínsísọ̀rí (àfòyemọ̀, olùṣe, èlò, àyísódì, ìní, àkópọ̀, atọ́kùn, àtẹnumọ́) rẹ̀ lè ṣe ni pé, a lè rí àwọn àfòmọ́ ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ abẹ́ ìsọ̀rí kọ̀ọ̀kan gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ẹ̀dà fún ara wọn nítorí pé àgbéyọ ìtumọ̀ kan náà ni wọ́n ń ṣe, bákan náà, a sì lè rí àwọn kan tí wọ́n jẹ yọ ju abẹ́ ìsọ̀rí kan lọ. Ó sì ṣeé ṣe kí àtúnpínsísọ̀rí tí a lo ìlànà ìtumọ̀ fún yìí máà ní òpin, bí a bá ṣe lè ronú sí ni a ó ṣe lè pín wọn. Bí àpẹẹrẹ, a lè fi ìjẹ (ohun tí a lè jẹ), ìmu (ohun tí a lè mu), abbl., kún àtúnpínsísòrí yìí.

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[1] Raji Lateef Olatunji ni ó kọ bébà yìí.

[2] A lè pè wọ́n ní ọ̀rọ̀-àìṣẹ̀dá

[3] Bámgbóṣé (1967) ṣàlàyé pé bí a bá fi {oní-} kún ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ tí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀ jẹ́ èyíkèyí nínú fáwẹ̀lì /a, e, ẹ, i, o, ọ/, /l/ yóò rópò /n/, nígbà tí /o/ inú {oní-} yóò yíra padà sí èyíkéyìí nínú àwọn fáwẹ̀lì tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ OR.

[4] Fáwẹ̀lì tó gbẹ̀yìn ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ àkọ́kọ́ àti ìró ohùn orí rẹ̀ yóò ràn mọ́ fáwẹ̀lì àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ kejì

[5] {òǹ̀-}, {oni-} àti {àbí-} jẹ́ àfòmọ́-ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ nígbà tí {-kí-} jẹ́ àfòmọ́-àfibọ̀

[6] A máa ń lo oríṣìí kìn-ín-ní mọ́ ọ̀rọ̀-orúkọ. Irú ìsọdorúkọ yìí ló pè ní ìsọdorúkọ atọ́kùn àti èyí tí à ń lò mọ́ ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe/àpólà ìṣe

[7] Ìpajẹ “a” nínú {àì-} yóò wáyé lẹ́yìn náà ni “ì” yóò ràn mọ́ “ẹ”

[8] dùn → dídùn →àdídùn →àádùn. Ó ti ṣàlàyé ìṣẹ̀dá “dídùn” tẹ́lẹ̀, ìpajẹ àti àrànmọ́ ló sọ ọ́ di àádùn. A óò rì àfòmọ́ ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ nínú àádùn.

      

 

 

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